HOW DO PIPES FREEZE?

As temperatures drop, water begins to freeze, and water pipes are particularly vulnerable to freezing. But a frozen pipe is more than an inconvenience. Water pipes that freeze are at risk of rupturing, leading to serious leaks and flooding.

When water freezes, it expands. The expanding tendency explains why you have to be careful with what you put in a freezer — some objects, such as soda cans, will explode if left in a freezing environment for too long. The same principle applies to water pipes. If the water inside freezes, it expands, putting the whole system at risk of rupture. However, the pipe rarely bursts where ice has formed — instead, freezing portions of the pipe force pressure “downstream,” between the faucet and the ice blockage. This is where the pipe bursts — usually, in places without any ice at all.

Wind chill plays a significant role in freezing pipes, too. If unheated spaces have holes, cracks or openings that allow cold, outside air to blow in, the cooling effect often accelerates ice formation. Even small openings can allow a dangerous amount of cold air into a structure, like the small holes that let telephone, cable, internet or television lines enter a room.

It’s not just northern regions that experience frozen pipes, either. Water systems in southern climates are at an even higher risk of frozen or ruptured pipes — often, in warm climates, homes aren’t designed with freezing temperatures in mind, and homeowners aren’t familiar with winterizing techniques. When a cold snap occurs, many warm-weather structures are unprepared, leading to ice blockages, burst pipes and flooded homes.

Pipes located in unheated interior spaces are especially prone to ice blockage, including garages, attics and basements — in fact, up to 37 percent of all frozen pipe failures occur in basements. Even pipe systems that thread through cabinets or exterior walls can freeze under the right conditions.

WHAT TO DO IF YOUR PIPES FREEZE

• Frosty pipes: If a section of your piping system is exposed, check to see if any frost has developed on the surface. If it has, there is a good chance your pipe is frozen.


 
• Unusual smells: Strange and odorous smells coming up from a drain or faucet could indicate a frozen pipe. If your pipes are blocked by ice, the smells have nowhere to escape except back in the direction of your home.


 
• No water: One of the most obvious signs that a pipe has frozen is a lack of running water. If you turn on a faucet and nothing or only a small trickle of water comes out, this probably indicates that the pipe has an ice block.


 

INSULATE PIPES

Pipe insulation is often remarkably inexpensive, and it is a small investment compared to the repair costs of a burst water pipe. When insulating your water system, pay particular attention to pipes in unheated, interior spaces of your home, such as in your attic, garage or basement.

The most common kinds of pipe insulation are made from fiberglass, polyethylene or foam. If a cold weather is headed your way and you need emergency insulation, you can use duct tape and wadded up newspaper for a temporary solution.

KEEP GARAGE DOORS CLOSED

One way to keep your pipes from freezing is to keep garage doors closed. This one is especially important if water supply lines go through the garage — most often, garages feature high amounts of smooth concrete, which keep the space cold. The space is cold enough without letting in more freezing air, which will drop the overall temperature of the garage. A garage door accidentally left open leaves any water supply lines vulnerable to freezing temperatures, which is a disaster waiting to happen.

OPEN CABINETS

Periodically, open your bathroom and kitchen cabinets to keep warm air circulating around the plumbing. The heated air will help prevent ice blockages and pressure buildups in the pipes. If you are expecting a particularly cold night, opening up your cabinets before you go to bed can help keep your pipes clear and warm despite the freezing temperatures.

If you have small children or curious pets in your home, make sure to remove all household chemicals or toxic cleaners from the cabinets before leaving them open.

LET FAUCETS DRIP

You don’t have to turn on all the faucets in your home. First, determine which ones are fed by exposed piping. Once you’ve narrowed it down, leave these few faucets on during especially bitter weather. Running water, even a small trickle, carries more internal energy than standing water. Because of the friction created by the constant movement, moving water produces a small amount of heat and is harder to freeze than standing. By just leaving a few faucets running, the movement will help prevent ice blockages from forming in your plumbing.

Even more than the small amount of friction and heat produced by moving water, a running faucet relieves pressure build up in cold pipes. This helps to keep your pipes from bursting, even if the water inside freezes. If both hot and cold water lines are exposed, leave both slightly running to make sure pressure doesn’t build up in one and not the other.

KEEP THE THERMOSTAT CONSISTENT

One of the best ways to prevent ice blockages is to keep your thermostat set to the same temperature during the day and the night. While many homeowners tend to lower their thermostats during the evening to save money on their heating bill, the strategy may ultimately backfire — a burst pipe costs much more than a slightly higher bill.

Instead, try to keep your thermostat settings as consistent as possible during the day and the night. Since steady temperatures will help keep your pipes free of ice, avoid any sudden changes in the environment of your home.

LEAVE THE HEAT ON

If you plan on leaving your home during the winter, make sure you leave your heat on while you’re away.

Turning on your heat for an empty house may seem counterintuitive. But while a lower temperature may reduce your heating bill, it could mean disaster if a cold temperatures hit, and your pipes freeze and burst.

This doesn’t mean you have to keep your house as warm as normal — any temperature 55 degrees or higher is appropriate to keep your pipes safe.

https://www.ready-able.com/how-to-keep-pipes-from-freezing/

5 Ways to Prevent Frozen Pipes

Drain Outdoor Faucets and Disconnect Hoses

First, close the shut-off valve that controls the flow of water in the pipe to your outdoor faucet. Then, head outside to disconnect and drain your hose and open the outdoor faucet to allow the water to completely drain out of the line. Turn off the faucet when done. Finally, head back to the shut-off valve and drain the remaining water inside the pipe into a bucket or container. Additionally, if you have a home irrigation system, you should consider hiring an expert to clear the system of water each year.

Insulate Pipes

One of the best and most cost-effective methods for preventing frozen water pipes is to wrap your pipes with insulation. This is especially important for areas in your home that aren’t exposed to heat, such as an attic. We suggest using foam sleeves, which can typically be found at your local hardware store.

Keep Heat Running at 65

Your pipes are located inside your walls, and the temperature there is much colder than the rest of the house. To prevent your pipes from freezing, The Insurance Information Institute suggests that you keep your home heated to at least 65 degrees, even when traveling. You may want to invest in smart devices that can keep an eye on the temperature in your home while you’re away.

Leave Water Dripping

Moving water — even a small trickle — can prevent ice from forming inside your pipes. When freezing temps are imminent, start a drip of water from all faucets that serve exposed pipes. Leaving a few faucets running will also help relieve pressure inside the pipes and help prevent a rupture if the water inside freezes.

Open Cupboard Doors

Warm your kitchen and bathroom pipes by opening cupboards and vanities. You should also leave your interior doors ajar to help warm air circulate evenly throughout your home.

https://www.westfieldinsurance.com/resources/articles/how-to-wrap-your-pipes-and-winterize-them-safely